You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank.

Before farming was introduced into Scotland, people lived by hunting, fishing, and (1) _________ wild foodstuffs. This way of life meant that they usually didn’t settle (2) __________ in one place, but were to an extent nomadic, moving about in search of a livelihood, perhaps returning to the same places at certain times of the year. It is believed that the islands of Orkney were known to these people, but, so far, only a few flint (3) ___________ have been found to verify this. This is because coastal (4) _________ has destroyed many ancient sites and these may have contained relics of some of these earliest pioneering (5) __________.

You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank.

Paper was first manufactured in Europe by the Spanish in the 12th century, although it had been (1) __________ since the 10th century. Around the year 1276 a (2) __________ was established at Fabriano in Italy. The town became a major center for paper making and throughout the 14th century (3) __________ most of Europe with fine quality paper, which it has continued to produce ever since. By the 15th century, paper was also being manufactured in Germany and France, and it was not long before both countries became almost completely independent of material bought overseas. With the increasing (4) __________ of paper in Europe, the (5) __________ of identical printed pictures became almost inevitable.