You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank.

The spinal cord – the link between the brain and the body – is a band of (1) __________ tissue about the thickness of your Little finger that runs through the backbone. Nerve cells called motor neurons (2) __________  electric impulses that travel from the brain to the spinal cord, branching off at the appropriate point and passing to the various parts of the body. Similarly, (3) __________ neurons transmit messages from organs and tissues via the spinal cord to the brain. But the spinal cord also (4) ___________ without the brain having to intervene; it alone controls those actions called spinal (5) __________ that need to be carried out very fast in response to danger.

You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank.

The growth of the modern (1) ___________ brought with it the development of mass political parties and the emergence of professional politicians. A man whose occupation is the (2) ___________ for  political power may go about it in two ways. First, a person who relies on their political activities to supply their main (3) ___________ of income is said to live off politics, while a person who (4) __________ in full-time political activities, but who doesn’t receive an income from it, is said to live for politics. Now, a political system in which (5) __________ to positions of power is filled by those who live for politics is necessarily drawn from a property-owning elite, who are not usually entrepreneurs. However, this is not to imply that such politicians will necessarily pursue policies which are wholly (6) __________ towards the interests of the class they (7) __________ from.