You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank.

There have been many studies in America of the (1) ____________ and behavior of university lecturers and professors, and of well-known “free” or public thinkers who are not (2) ____________ to a university or other (3) ____________ which show that those who are recognised as being more successful or productive as scholars in their field, or are at the best universities, are much more likely to have critical opinions. That is to say that they are more likely to hold liberal views – in the American use of that word – than those of their (4) ____________ who are less creative or who have less of a (5) _____________ . The better a university is, as measured by the test results of its students or by the prestige of its (6) _____________ , the more likely it has been that there wiU be student unrest and a relatively left-of-center faculty.

You will hear a recording. Type the missing words in each blank.

However simple or complex the chain of events in any given situation when looked into it usually reveals a train of (1) ____________ relationships – they are seen to be (2) ____________ in some way. The methods of analysis aim to establish these relationships and provide a solid background for useful (3) ____________ based on what al first appear to be separate events. The first step in this process is Lo collect facts and then see if any particular (4) ____________ emerge. If they do, it then becomes possible to form theories related to the facts, and this type of empirical theory forms a useful basis for (5) __________ and prediction. However, on its own this theory is not enough; the essential second step is to test it by collecting more facts and by checking predictions against events. These new facts may mean you have to (6) ____________ the theory, bearing in mind that new facts can only either disprove or (7) ____________ a theory – they cannot prove it to be right.